INTRODUCTION Coral Reef Biome: It is considered among marine biomes. It is a small biome that holds 25% of marine biodiversity. The coral reefs are usually found in the Persian Gulf, the Red Sea, the Caribbean Sea, the Indian Ocean, the Pacific Ocean, and near the Tropics of Cancer and Capricorn. Characteristics of Coral Reef […]
Freshwater Wetland Ecosystem of Pakistan – Climatic Biome
INTRODUCTION Freshwater Wetland Biome: It is defined as a diverse variety of areas where the wet soil is covered with standing water. Wetlands are not Estuaries because wetlands don’t have openings to oceans. The rainwater filling up a large shallow hole in the ground is often considered a wetland biome. Characteristics of Freshwater Wetland Biome: […]
Marine and Coastal Ecosystem of Pakistan – Climatic Biome
INTRODUCTION Marine Biome: It is defined as an environment that is distinguished by the availability of saltwater. The marine biome is considered the largest biome on the Earth and it is usually based in oceans present anywhere on the Earth. Coast Biome: It is defined as a varied ecosystem or it is a blend of […]
South Asia Water War – Impact of Indian Hegemonic Aim on Pakistan
INTRODUCTION Pakistan has numerous natural resources, water reserves are also among these natural resources. However, the climate changes, increasing water pollution, industrialization, and transboundary pollution, etc all are putting stress on natural water reserves in Pakistan. The country doesn’t have enough water storage capacity to meet the demand for water consumption of 30 days. For […]
Environmental Laws/Legislation in Pakistan and The Need for New Ones
INTRODUCTION Environmental Law: Environmental law is a vast field that encompasses regulations, directives, policies, principles, and laws that are specifically designed and implemented by international, national, and local authoritative entities. The term is defined as laws that are formulated by humans in order to protect and regulate the environment from environmental degradation caused by human […]
Environmental Management Systems (EMS) in Pakistan
INTRODUCTION EMS: It stands for Environmental Management System. This system provides a framework that is assisting organizations in achieving their environmental objectives by improving their environmental performances through continuous analysis and assessment. In simple words, it is defined as a system integrating a set of plans and processes that permit the organizations to lessen their […]
Pakistan Environmental Protection Agency (review of IEE and EIA) Regulations (2000)
INTRODUCTION IEE: IEE stands for Initial environmental examinations. It is defined as a process that evaluates the environmental circumstances of a proposed plan involving the likely effects, preparation of mitigatory measures, and composing institutional obligations, and most importantly environmental surveillance. EIA: EIA stands for environmental impact assessment. It is defined as an evaluation of the […]
International Environmental Agreements Signed by Pakistan
INTRODUCTION Pakistan is a developing country and it’s among the 10 top countries affected by climate change in the world. Climate change is showing its effects on agriculture in the country. Pakistan has always remained an active participant in international agreements related to the environment/ecosystem. There are several international agreements that have been signed by […]
Waterlogging and Salinity in Pakistan
INTRODUCTION Waterlogging and salinity are among the major issues Pakistan is facing since irrigation development in Indus River Basin. There are various methods being adopted in Sindh and Punjab to deal with these issues including excess irrigation that leads to leaching of salts, utilizing physical and biological methods including chemical amendments, and establishing tube wells […]
March 2021 – An Unprecedented Dry Windy Month in Pakistan
People across Pakistan have noticed a unique dry and windy weather in the past two weeks which has never been experienced in Pakistan before. People are complaining about extremely dry weather, fast gusty winds, dry itchy skin, nose bleeds, high static electricity and increased in issues related to seasonal allergies, and this is an ongoing […]