INTRODUCTION Coniferous (Taiga or Boreal) Forest: It is defined as evergreen scale-leaved, cone-bearing, needle-leaved trees. It is present in locations where winters are longer. It receives precipitation in the form of snow. Coniferous (Taiga or Boreal) Forest Biome: Boreal biome usually consists of coniferous forests that include spruce, pine, and larches. Characteristics of Coniferous (Taiga […]
Grassland and Shrubland Ecosystem of Pakistan – Climatic Biome
INTRODUCTION Grasslands: It is defined as open lands that are continuously covered with broadleaf herbs, little woody vegetation, sedges, and grasses. Taller and woody vegetation is absent. Shrublands: It is defined as areas that are covered with dense but low height shrub vegetation like sedges, willow, dogwood, or tall grasses. Grassland and Shrubland Biome: This […]
Freshwater Ecosystem of Pakistan – Climatic Biome
INTRODUCTION Freshwater Biome: It is defined as freshwater regions having water bodies with minimum salt concentration. It is different from the marine biome as freshwater is free of salt. The presence of salt concentration pollutes the freshwater biome. Read: Pakistani Local Fishes and their Health Benefits Characteristics of Freshwater Biome: It is characterized by two […]
Temperate Deciduous / Mixed forests of Pakistan – Climatic Biome
INTRODUCTION Temperate Deciduous / Mixed Forest: It is a biome that consists of deciduous tree species. These are broad-leaf forests with trees that drop their leaves in the autumn. Mixed Forest: It is a vegetation transition between dominant tree species of broad-leaved deciduous forest and coniferous forest. Temperate Deciduous and Mixed Forest Biome: It is […]
Coral Reef Ecosystem of Pakistan- Climatic Biome
INTRODUCTION Coral Reef Biome: It is considered among marine biomes. It is a small biome that holds 25% of marine biodiversity. The coral reefs are usually found in the Persian Gulf, the Red Sea, the Caribbean Sea, the Indian Ocean, the Pacific Ocean, and near the Tropics of Cancer and Capricorn. Characteristics of Coral Reef […]
Freshwater Wetland Ecosystem of Pakistan – Climatic Biome
INTRODUCTION Freshwater Wetland Biome: It is defined as a diverse variety of areas where the wet soil is covered with standing water. Wetlands are not Estuaries because wetlands don’t have openings to oceans. The rainwater filling up a large shallow hole in the ground is often considered a wetland biome. Characteristics of Freshwater Wetland Biome: […]
Marine and Coastal Ecosystem of Pakistan – Climatic Biome
INTRODUCTION Marine Biome: It is defined as an environment that is distinguished by the availability of saltwater. The marine biome is considered the largest biome on the Earth and it is usually based in oceans present anywhere on the Earth. Coast Biome: It is defined as a varied ecosystem or it is a blend of […]
South Asia Water War – Impact of Indian Hegemonic Aim on Pakistan
INTRODUCTION Pakistan has numerous natural resources, water reserves are also among these natural resources. However, the climate changes, increasing water pollution, industrialization, and transboundary pollution, etc all are putting stress on natural water reserves in Pakistan. The country doesn’t have enough water storage capacity to meet the demand for water consumption of 30 days. For […]
Environmental Laws/Legislation in Pakistan and The Need for New Ones
INTRODUCTION Environmental Law: Environmental law is a vast field that encompasses regulations, directives, policies, principles, and laws that are specifically designed and implemented by international, national, and local authoritative entities. The term is defined as laws that are formulated by humans in order to protect and regulate the environment from environmental degradation caused by human […]
Environmental Management Systems (EMS) in Pakistan
INTRODUCTION EMS: It stands for Environmental Management System. This system provides a framework that is assisting organizations in achieving their environmental objectives by improving their environmental performances through continuous analysis and assessment. In simple words, it is defined as a system integrating a set of plans and processes that permit the organizations to lessen their […]