Mountaineering In Pakistan: K2 is the second highest mountain peak in the world after Mount Everest but is said to be the most treacherous and difficult to traverse in terms of mountain climbing. It is also the highest point in the Karakoram range as well as in Pakistan. As a result, people eager for a […]
Blackening Glaciers of World -Carbon Black Deposition Impact
WHAT DOES IT MEAN THAT EARTH’S GLACIERS ARE TURNING BLACK? The glaciers of the world are one of the largest sources of water locked in ice second only to the vast oceans. It is still, in fact the biggest freshwater reserve present naturally on earth. A large number of mountain side communities and settlements in […]
Black Soot and Ash Deposits on Glaciers – Causes and Impacts
What is meant by Black soot and Ash? Black soot is the fine particles that are produced as a result of incomplete combustion particularly by burning wood for fire or as fuels in engines. Since black soot is composed mainly of carbon, it is also known as Black carbon. The fine particles of soot can […]
Third Pole Is Melting – Himalaya-HinduKush-Karakoram Glacier
Introduction Pakistan ranks among the most vulnerable and climate change-affected country. According to Worldometer, its fossil fuels’ global emissions are less than 1 %. China is emitting 29.18% and ranked among the top emitters. Pakistan shares a border with China. Unfortunately, these pollutants don’t know any border. The Sino-Pak border is provided with a natural […]
Glacial Lake Outburst Floods in Pakistan- Causes and Effects
Introduction Glaciers in Pakistan’s northern mountain ranges (the Hindu Kush, Himalayas, and the Karakorum) are melting quickly due to rising temperatures, and a total of 3,044 glacial lakes have formed in Gilgit-Baltistan (GB) and Khyber Pakhtunkhwa (KP). Of them, 33 glacial lakes have been identified as being vulnerable to dangerous glacial lake outburst floods (GLOF). […]
Tundra and Alpine Ecosystem of Pakistan – Climatic Biome
INTRODUCTION Tundra and Alpine: This biome includes extremely cold regions (usually covered in snow) that are present around the world without long woody trees due to high elevation. Tundra and Alpine Ecosystem: This ecosystem is usually found in the northern hemisphere. The biome receives scant rainfall. As the altitude increases the forest cover decreases. Characteristics […]