Introduction Glaciers in Pakistan’s northern mountain ranges (the Hindu Kush, Himalayas, and the Karakorum) are melting quickly due to rising temperatures, and a total of 3,044 glacial lakes have formed in Gilgit-Baltistan (GB) and Khyber Pakhtunkhwa (KP). Of them, 33 glacial lakes have been identified as being vulnerable to dangerous glacial lake outburst floods (GLOF). […]