Introduction: A flash flood is induced by a large amount of rain in a short period, usually less than 6 hours. Flash floods are typically defined by violent torrents that burst over river beds, metropolitan streets, or mountain valleys, sweeping everything in their path. Flash floods in urban areas are also known as urban flooding. […]
National Parks in Pakistan – Fauna, Flora and Importance
Introduction: A national park is not the typical park with fences, swings, and gardens. A national park is often a government-owned land reserve. Its principal goal is to preserve and conserve endangered species of flora and animals. There are approximately 6,555 national parks worldwide. There are 21 parks in Pakistan out of a total of […]
Glacier Melting and Glacial Retreat – Causes, Effects, Solutions
INTRODUCTION Glaciers are massive quantities of ice that move downward slowly. Wherever snow accumulates faster than it melts, a glacier forms. When melting outweighs accumulation, it retreats—that is, its terminal edge, the end of the glacier tongue, terminates at progressively higher heights. Since around 1850, the majority of the world’s mountain (alpine) glaciers have been […]
Landslides and Rockfall – Causes, Effects, and Prevention
INTRODUCTION When a section of the natural slope cannot hold its own weight a landslide is formed. Soil material on a slope with a slick surface beneath, for example, might get heavy with precipitation and slide down due to its increased weight. It is the movement caused by gravity due to which rock, plants, or […]
Impacts Of Changing Monsoon Season Rains Pattern In Pakistan
Introduction: Seasonal change in the direction of usual, strongest winds of a region is termed as monsoon. Throughout most of the tropics, it causes a dry or wet season. It is mostly associated with the Indian Ocean. Pakistan Meteorological Department (PMD) reported about monsoon rainfall distribution that climate change has resulted in a 100-kilometer spatial […]
Heatwaves in Pakistan And India – Causes, Effects, Solutions
WHAT ARE HEATWAVES AND WHY ARE THEY BECOMING MORE FREQUENT IN PAKISTAN AND INDIA? A heat wave is a two-day or longer stretch of exceptionally hot weather. Temperatures must be above the historical norm for a certain location to be termed a heat wave. A heat wave is a result of high-pressure arrival in a […]
Effects of Climate Change on KPK Province of Pakistan
INTRODUCTION Climate change is driven by anthropogenic activities, now there is no doubt about it. There is also no doubt about the fact that countries like Pakistan are the most hardest hit by its impacts. All provinces of Pakistan are effected by climate change in one way or the other, depending upon their topography. If […]
Urgency of Climate Justice for Mountain Communities of Pakistan
Introduction: The poor and vulnerable mountain communities of Gilgit Baltistan emitting lowest carbon are suffering the most from climate change. For just and sustainable climate and environment, we need to look at the climate crises through a human right lens and belief in working together to create a better future for present and future generations. […]
Environmental Toxicology Flowchart – Exposure to Excretion
Environmental toxicology refers to the study of toxins present in the environment. It is a broad field that takes into account all types of toxins, organic and inorganic, as well as their interactions with different organisms in the environment, including humans. The common name used for toxins are poisons, however toxins are not always only […]
What is a Healthy Environment? Why is it important?
Introduction Environmental health is branch of Environmental sciences. It is also a sub branch of public health and mainly focuses on the human and environmental relationship. It encourages human health and their well-being, promotes safe communities. It is an integral part of public health and system. It is used in formulating policies to decrease the […]