March 2021 – An Unprecedented Dry Windy Month in Pakistan

People across Pakistan have noticed a unique dry and windy weather in the past two weeks which has never been experienced in Pakistan before. People are complaining about extremely dry weather, fast gusty winds, dry itchy skin, nose bleeds, high static electricity and increased in issues related to seasonal allergies, and this is an ongoing […]

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The Three Stages of Waste Water Treatment

primary, secondary and tertiary treatment steps.

 INTRODUCTION Wastewater: This term is defined as contaminated water caused by human activities. The wastewater is contaminated with water pollutants. Wastewater results from industrial, domestic, agricultural, or commercial activities, runoff, sewer inflow, etc. To know more about water pollution, read the following article: Water pollution– Sources, Effects, and Control and Sources and Effects of Common Water […]

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Sources and Effects of Common Water Pollutants

land pollution affects soil biota

INTRODUCTION Water Pollutant: Any contaminant that degrades the quality of drinking water is a water pollutant. To know more about water pollution, read the following article: Water pollution– Sources, Effects, and Control TYPES OF WATER POLLUTANTS: There are different types of water pollution depending upon the particular source. There are various categories of water pollutants […]

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Water pollution– Sources, Effects, and Control

Water pollution

Introduction Water Pollution: The contamination/ impurity of water sources is called water pollution.  Water sources are aquifers, oceans, underground water reserves, rivers, lakes, streams, etc. The contamination or impurity includes toxins, heavy metals, synthetic chemicals and microplastics or plastic debris from plastic waste, solids, liquid discharge, etc. Water pollution is the result of contaminants that […]

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Equipment Used in Industries to Control Air Pollution

pollution control air equipments

Introduction To reduce air pollution, control of emitted air pollutants into the natural environment is a must. Almost every step in the industrial process produces some kind of air pollutants. Air pollution control equipment includes devices or systems that reduce/eliminate the releases of air contaminants being generated during industrial processes. To know more about air […]

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Sources and Effects of Common Air Pollutants

Introduction Air Pollutants: Air pollutants are simply defined as airborne substances including particles, gases, liquids, or solids. High concentrations of airborne substances pose serious threats to living beings, vegetation, infrastructure, and the ecosystem of the Earth. [Also Read: Air Pollution– Sources, Effects, and Control] Indoor Air Pollution: It is defined as the physical, chemical, and […]

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Mangroves of Pakistan – Types, Importance, and Environmental degradation

mangroves in Pakistan are present along Sindh and Balochistan coasts

Introduction Mangroves: Mangroves are a type of forest that includes shrubs and trees. These types of forests grow along with coastal areas. There are approximately 80 species of mangroves found all around the world. The preferred environment for mangroves includes saline/ brackish water usually near the edge of the river, swamp water, and low oxygen […]

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Estuaries of Pakistan – Location, Importance, and Environmental degradation

There are three estuaries in Pakistan

Introduction Estuary: In simple terms, it is a brackish water body between marine and river environments. The transition zone between the marine environment and the river environment is called an ecotone. The streams and rivers flow into the partially enclosed water body of the estuary which is connected to the sea from one side. The […]

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